A “fistuloplasty” in an AV fistula refers to a minim-ally invasive procedure used to open up a nar-rowed or blocked arteri-ovenous (AV) fistula, a surgical con-nection between an artery and a vein, typically created in the arm to provide better access for dialysis in patients with kidney disease; essen-tially, it is a procedure to restore proper blood flow through the fistula by using a small balloon catheter to widen any narrowed sections within the vessel.